Optical coherence tomography-guided primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients: a pilot study

Abstract

Background: The objective of our study was to assess whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) guidance could guide intervention to avoid balloon angioplasty and stenting during primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods: One hundred patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and thrombus-containing lesion were enrolled in this study. Thrombus aspiration was performed in all cases followed by an OCT study. After thrombectomy, no stent was implanted in residual significant stenosis (> 50%) if examination using OCT suggested that the occlusion was mostly thrombotic, provided that the patient was symptom-free and the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow was ≥ 2. All patients managed only using thrombectomy underwent 1-week and 9-month angiography and OCT. Patients with significant lesion or those in whom thrombectomy failed to re-establish flow underwent standard treatment.

Results: Based on the OCT information, 20 patients (20%) were treated only with aspiration even in the presence of angiographically detected "high-grade stenosis." Angiogram and OCT performed at 1 week and 9 months showed a "normal vessel" without significant stenosis in all 20 cases. There were no cases of major adverse cardiovascular event (including death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization) during the in-hospital period or at the 12-month follow-up.

Conclusions: The results of our pilot study suggest that ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients with TIMI 2/3 flow in the angiogram and without significant coronary narrowing using OCT examination (even in the presence of angiographically detected "high-grade stenosis"), in whom thrombus aspiration is performed in addition to optimal medical therapy might benefit only from thrombus aspiration without plain old balloon angioplasty/stenting during primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Validation of these preliminary data in larger randomized studies is warranted.