Keywords: AHA Scientific Statements; anticoagulation therapy; aortic regurgitation; aortic stenosis; bicuspid aortic valve; cardiac surgery; heart valves; infective endocarditis; mitral regurgitation; mitral stenosis; prosthetic valves; pulmonic regurgitation; pulmonic stenosis; transcatheter aortic valve replacement; tricuspid regurgitation; tricuspid stenosis; valvular heart disease.