The diverse and complex community of microorganisms that has co-evolved with the human gut is vital to intestinal functioning, and disturbances in the microbiota and its relationship with the host immune system have been linked to inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. This has suggested several treatment options, including antibiotics, probiotics and faecal transplantation. The human microbiome project has been established to enable comprehensive characterisation of the human microbiota and in the coming years, knowledge in this area is expected to continue to expand.
Keywords: Crohn's disease; Microbiota; inflammatory bowel disease; ulcerative colitis.