Proposed mechanisms for cancer- and treatment-related cognitive changes

Abstract

Objectives: To review the proposed mechanisms of cognitive changes associated with non-central nervous system cancers and cancer treatment.

Data sources: Review and synthesis of databased publications and review articles.

Conclusion: Proposed mechanisms include cytokine upregulation, hormonal changes, neurotransmitter dysregulation, attentional fatigue, genetic predisposition, and comorbid symptoms.

Implications for nursing practice: Oncology nurses need to understand the multiple mechanisms that may contribute to the development of cancer- and treatment-related cognitive changes so that they can identify patients at high risk and help patients understand why these changes occur.

Keywords: Cognition; cancer; cytokines; inflammation; neurotransmitters.