ESAT-6 and HspX improve the effectiveness of BCG to induce human dendritic cells-dependent Th1 and NK cells activation

PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e75684. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075684. eCollection 2013.

Abstract

The limited efficacy of the BCG vaccine against tuberculosis is partly due to the missing expression of immunogenic proteins. We analyzed whether the addition to BCG of ESAT-6 and HspX, two Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens, could enhance its capacity to activate human dendritic cells (DCs). BCG showed a weak ability to induce DC maturation, cytokine release, and CD4(+) lymphocytes and NK cells activation. The addition of ESAT-6 or HspX alone to BCG-stimulated DC did not improve these processes, whereas their simultaneous addition enhanced BCG-dependent DC maturation and cytokine release, as well as the ability of BCG-treated DCs to stimulate IFN-γ release and CD69 expression by CD4(+) lymphocytes and NK cells. Addition of TLR2-blocking antibody decreased IL-12 release by BCG-stimulated DCs incubated with ESAT-6 and HspX, as well as IFN-γ secretion by CD4(+) lymphocytes co-cultured with these cells. Moreover, HspX and ESAT-6 improved the capacity of BCG-treated DCs to induce the expression of memory phenotype marker CD45RO in naïve CD4(+) T cells. Our results indicate that ESAT-6 and HspX cooperation enables BCG-treated human DCs to induce T lymphocyte and NK cell-mediated immune responses through TLR2-dependent IL-12 secretion. Therefore ESAT-6 and HspX represent good candidates for improving the effectiveness of BCG vaccination.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Bacterial / pharmacology*
  • Antigens, CD / metabolism
  • Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / metabolism
  • BCG Vaccine / immunology*
  • Bacterial Proteins / pharmacology*
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cytokines / metabolism*
  • Dendritic Cells / drug effects*
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Humans
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism
  • Interleukin-12 / metabolism
  • Killer Cells, Natural / drug effects
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
  • Killer Cells, Natural / metabolism
  • Lectins, C-Type / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens, Bacterial
  • Antigens, CD
  • Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
  • BCG Vaccine
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • CD69 antigen
  • Cytokines
  • ESAT-6 protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • HspX protein, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • Lectins, C-Type
  • Interleukin-12
  • Interferon-gamma

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from Fondazione Cariverona (Bando 2008). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.