Experimental characterization of two-dimensional pencil beam scanning proton spot profiles

Phys Med Biol. 2013 Sep 7;58(17):6193-204. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/17/6193. Epub 2013 Aug 16.

Abstract

Dose calculations of pencil beam scanning treatment plans rely on the accuracy of proton spot profiles; not only the primary component but also the broad tail components. Four films are placed at several locations in air and multiple depths in Solidwater® for six selected energies. The films used for the primary components are exposed to 50-200 MU to avoid saturation; the films used for the tail components are exposed to 800, 8000 and 80,000 MU. By applying a pair/magnification method and merging these data, dose kernels down to 10(-4) of the central spot dose can be generated. From these kernels one can calculate the dose-per-MU for different field sizes and shapes. Measurements agree within 1% of dose-kernel-based calculations for output versus field size comparisons. Asymmetric, comet-shaped profile tails have a bigger impact at superficial depths and low energies: the output difference between two orientations at the surface of a rectangular field of 40 mm×200 mm is about 2% at the isocentre at 100 MeV. Integration of these dose kernels from 0 to 40 mm radius shows that the charge deficit in the Bragg peak chamber varies <2% from entrance to the end of range for energies <180 MeV, but exceeds 5% at 225 MeV.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Film Dosimetry
  • Proton Therapy / methods*
  • Radiotherapy Dosage
  • Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted / methods*