Retinal microenvironment imbalance in dry age-related macular degeneration: a mini-review

Gerontology. 2013;59(4):297-306. doi: 10.1159/000346169. Epub 2013 Feb 8.

Abstract

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the western world. To prevent what will certainly be a tremendous health and economic burden, effective therapeutics for AMD are urgently needed. To develop these agents in a timely fashion, the molecular pathways that cause disease progression must be elucidated.

Objective: To briefly describe the clinical features of AMD, and review the current understanding of the molecular basis of AMD.

Methods: A literature review.

Results: The discussion will primarily focus on the interplay of oxidative stress and complement dysregulation and the resulting chronic proinflammatory state thought to be central in AMD pathogenesis.

Conclusions: Oxidative stress and complement dysregulation play a substantive role in the development of AMD.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aging / immunology
  • Aging / metabolism*
  • Aging / pathology
  • Animals
  • DNA Damage
  • DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
  • DNA, Mitochondrial / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Macular Degeneration / etiology*
  • Macular Degeneration / metabolism*
  • Macular Degeneration / pathology
  • Mice
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Polymorphism, Genetic
  • Retina / immunology
  • Retina / metabolism*
  • Retina / pathology
  • Retinal Pigment Epithelium / metabolism
  • Risk Factors
  • Smoking / adverse effects

Substances

  • DNA, Mitochondrial