Acquired resistance to targeted therapy in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung cancer represents a valuable model for considering strategies of overcoming different types of cellular resistance mechanisms. Using existing data on resistance in EGFR-mutant lung cancer, this review will discuss 3 basic approaches for overcoming resistance to EGFR-targeted therapies: intensification of EGFR inhibition, combination of EGFR inhibitors with other targeted therapies, and changing to anticancer therapies acting via alternate pathways.