Human invariant natural killer T cells acquire transient innate responsiveness via histone H4 acetylation induced by weak TCR stimulation

J Exp Med. 2012 May 7;209(5):987-1000. doi: 10.1084/jem.20111024. Epub 2012 Apr 16.

Abstract

Invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells) are innate T lymphocytes that are thought to play an important role in producing an early burst of IFN-γ that promotes successful tumor immunosurveillance and antimicrobial immunity. The cellular activation processes underlying innate IFN-γ production remain poorly understood. We show here that weak T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation that does not directly activate iNKT cell IFN-γ messenger RNA transcription nevertheless induces histone H4 acetylation at specific regions near the IFNG gene locus. This renders the iNKT cells able to produce IFN-γ in an innate manner (i.e., not requiring concurrent TCR stimulation) upon exposure to IL-12 and IL-18. The iNKT cells retain the capacity for innate activation for hours to days after the initial weak TCR stimulation, although their innate responsiveness gradually declines as a function of histone deacetylation. These results explain how iNKT cells are able to mediate rapid innate IFN-γ secretion in a manner that does not require them to undergo permanent T(H1) differentiation. Moreover, our results also indicate that iNKT cell motility is maintained during activation by IL-12 and IL-18. Therefore, iNKT cells activated through this pathway can continue to migrate and may thus disseminate the IFN-γ that they produce, which may amplify its impact.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Acetylation
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  • DNA Primers / genetics
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Gene Expression Regulation / immunology*
  • Histones / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate / immunology*
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism*
  • Interleukin-12 / metabolism
  • Interleukin-18 / metabolism
  • Microscopy, Confocal
  • Natural Killer T-Cells / immunology*
  • Natural Killer T-Cells / metabolism
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / metabolism*
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • STAT4 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • Time-Lapse Imaging

Substances

  • DNA Primers
  • Histones
  • Interleukin-18
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • STAT4 Transcription Factor
  • STAT4 protein, human
  • Interleukin-12
  • Interferon-gamma