Factors associated with disparities in emergency department use among Latino children with asthma

Abstract

Background: Significant disparities in emergency department (ED) rates exist for Latinos; however, few studies have investigated the factors that may account for these disparities.

Objectives: To examine individual/family and health system factors among Latino and non-Latino white (NLW) children with asthma to explain disparities in ED rates.

Methods: The study was carried out in Puerto Rico (PR) and Rhode Island (RI) with the same design: a cross-sectional, observational approach with repeated measurements of selected variables.

Results: The sample was composed of 804 children ages 7 to 15 years, with 405 from PR and 399 from RI. Latino children from both sites had significantly higher rates of ED use as compared with NLWs from RI. Regression analyses showed site, asthma control, parental reported severity of asthma and public insurance to be significantly associated with ED use.

Conclusion: Latino ethnicity and public insurance were among the most important factors related to frequent ED use. Revisions of the policies driving public insurance to assure better access to specialists, preventive education, and evidence-based treatment are needed. The results also suggest the need for the development of interventions in the ED that are geared toward educating families on how best to use emergency services.