Molecular profiles of IgE to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy: implications for specific immunotherapy

Abstract

Background: The so-called component-resolved immunotherapy of allergies proposes an immunization tailored to the molecular sensitization profiles of individual patients.

Objectives: We sought (1) to investigate the profiles of IgE sensitization to Phleum pratense in children with grass pollen allergy and (2) to define the compatibility of these profiles with a mixture of recombinant allergenic molecules of P pratense previously proposed for specific immunotherapy.

Methods: We examined 200 children (age, 4-18 years; 126 boys) with allergic rhinitis, asthma, or both ascertained through validated questionnaires. Each child underwent skin prick testing (ALK-Abelló) and serum IgE assays (ImmunoCAP, Phadia) with 9 pollen extracts. Sera reacting against P pratense were tested for the individual molecules (rPhl p 1, rPhl p 2, rPhl p 4, nPhl p 4, rPhl p 5b, rPhl p 6, rPhl p 7, rPhl p 11, and Phl p 12). Through a combinatorial approach, the IgE individual sensitization profiles were matched against an experimental allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) preparation containing Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6.

Results: Among the 176 of 200 children with IgE sensitization to P pratense extract, 39 profiles of sensitization to the 8 allergenic molecules tested (cutoff, 0.35 kU/L) were identified. This high heterogeneity was reduced by considering only 6 or 4 P pratense molecules but not by increasing the cutoff levels of IgE positivity. The molecular profile of the experimental SIT preparation matched that of 7 (4%) of 176 patients only; the remaining 169 patients were classified in 4 mismatch categories: underpowered (29%), overpowered (32%), underpowered/overpowered (32%), and unrelated (3%).

Conclusions: IgE sensitization profiles to P pratense are highly heterogeneous. Molecularly designed SIT preparations tailored to patients' needs should consider this high heterogeneity and be driven by locally performed population studies.