Methodology and early findings of the Diabetes Management Project: a cohort study investigating the barriers to optimal diabetes care in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy

Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012 Jan-Feb;40(1):73-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2011.02697.x. Epub 2011 Nov 4.

Abstract

Background: The Diabetes Management Project is investigating the clinical, behavioural and psychosocial barriers to optimal diabetes care in individuals with and without diabetic retinopathy.

Design: Prospective cohort.

Participants: Two hundred and twenty-three and 374 patients without and with diabetic retinopathy, respectively.

Methods: All individuals underwent a comprehensive dilated eye test, anthropometric measurements, blood and urine samples, and psychosocial questionnaires.

Main outcome measures: Good glycaemic control was defined as glycosylated haemoglobin < 7%, good blood pressure control as systolic and diastolic values ≤130 and 80 mmHg, respectively, and good diabetes control as glycosylated haemoglobin < 7% and blood pressure values ≤130 and 80 mmHg.

Results: Four hundred and one males (65.4%) and 212 females (34.6%) aged 26-90 years (mean age ± standard deviation = 64.6 ± 11.6) were examined. The median glycosylated haemoglobin for all participants was 7.5% (interquartile range = 1.7%). Average systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were 139.7 mmHg (standard deviation = 18.8) and 92.7 mmHg (standard deviation = 30.9), respectively. Initial data analyses indicate that over two-thirds of participants with diabetes have poor glycaemic control, which was worse in those with diabetic retinopathy compared with those without (76.3% vs. 49.3%; P < 0.001). Blood pressure control was similar for those with and without diabetic retinopathy, with almost a third (28.5%) of the total sample having poor blood pressure control. Overall, those with diabetic retinopathy had poorer diabetes control than those without (24.3% vs. 13.7%; P = 0.002).

Conclusions: Our findings substantiate the implementation of the Diabetes Management Project, developed to assess factors associated with suboptimal diabetes care.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anthropometry
  • Attitude to Health*
  • Blood Glucose / metabolism
  • Blood Pressure / physiology
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / therapy*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / therapy*
  • Diabetic Retinopathy / blood
  • Diabetic Retinopathy / therapy*
  • Female
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / metabolism
  • Health Services Accessibility / standards*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Practice Patterns, Physicians'
  • Primary Health Care
  • Prospective Studies
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Visual Acuity / physiology

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • hemoglobin A1c protein, human