Disruption to the sensitive balance of long-chain fatty acids and glucose in the heart could cause cardiovascular diseases. Searching for a possible role of novel protein kinase C (nPKC) in heart with disrupted energy balance, we compared the insulin-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which carry a nonfunctional variant of the fatty acid transporter FAT/CD36, with the less insulin-resistant congenic strain SHR-4 that is genetically identical except for a segment on chromosome 4 including a wild-type gene for a functional FAT/CD36. We analyzed expression of the nPKC-δ and -ε isoforms plus triacylglycerols (TAG) content in the myocardium of both FAT/CD36 strains and after a high sucrose diet (HSD). Two weeks before killing, males of both strains were randomly divided into two groups and fed either a standard laboratory chow or an HSD. PKC was determined by Western blotting in particulate and cytosolic fractions from left ventricles. The SHR-4 rats exhibited lower serum levels of insulin and free fatty acids than did SHR rats and higher amounts of PKC-ε in the heart particulate fraction. HSD caused accumulation of heart TAG in SHR but not in SHR-4. HSD increased PKC-δ and decreased PKC-ε expression in particulate fraction from left ventricles of SHR-4 while having no effects in SHR. These results demonstrate that reduced insulin resistance in SHR-4 rats with wild-type FAT/CD36 is associated with the insulin signaling pathway involving nPKCs.