A new nanomedicine based on didanosine glycerolipidic prodrug enhances the long term accumulation of drug in a HIV sanctuary

Abstract

New nanomedicines could improve drug accumulation in HIV sanctuaries and ameliorate their antiretroviral efficiency. In this view, we propose herein a combined strategy based on a biomimetic prodrug of ddI and its formulation in well-characterized lipid nanoobjects. The glycerolipidic prodrug of ddI (ProddINP) has been synthesized and its bulk structure was characterized. An appropriate formulation of this prodrug has been designed using a rational approach combining different physicochemical techniques. The high incorporation ratio of the prodrug into dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers was determined by DSC. Then two liposome preparation methods were compared, with respect to size, incorporation yield and molecular/supramolecular organization of vesicles. The best liposomal formulation of ProddINP has been checked to keep intact the anti-HIV activity of ddI. This formulation was finally compared to ddI after oral route in rat. The animal experiments evidenced the increase of ddI blood half life (3-fold) and its enhanced accumulation as prodrug form at 24h in numerous organs and especially intestine after administration of ProddINP in comparison with free drug. Finally, the tested liposomal formulation of ProddINP seems to be a promising approach to eradicate HIV infection from intestinal sanctuaries where the virus can concentrate.