Recently, researchers within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) have begun to develop an updated conceptualization of access which takes into account the impact of new technology on access and places a greater focus on outcomes beyond increased access. Specifically, the new conceptualization acknowledges post-access outcomes such as satisfaction, symptom levels, and functioning. As such, we sought to conduct a review of the literature that would clarify the current state of knowledge regarding the link between access to healthcare and system-level (e.g., utilization, satisfaction with care) and patient-level (quality of life, symptoms, mortality) outcomes. Given VA’s continuing commitment to improving access for veterans, we also examined the efficacy of interventions designed to improve access, with a focus on access, system-level, and patient-level outcomes.