Alemtuzumab with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide reduces chronic graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acquired aplastic anemia

Blood. 2011 Aug 25;118(8):2351-7. doi: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-327536. Epub 2011 Apr 25.

Abstract

We evaluated a novel alemtuzumab-based conditioning regimen in HSCT for acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA). In a multicenter retrospective study, 50 patients received transplants from matched sibling donors (MSD; n = 21) and unrelated donors (UD; n = 29), using fludarabine 30 mg/m² for 4 days, cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m² for 4 days, and alemtuzumab median total dose of 60 mg (range:40-100 mg). Median age was 35 years (range 8-62). Overall survival at 2 years was 95% ± 5% for MSD and 83% for UD HSCT (p 0.34). Cumulative incidence of graft failure was 9.5% for MSD and 14.5% for UD HSCT. Full-donor chimerism (FDC) in unfractionated peripheral blood was 42%; no patient achieved CD3 FDC. Acute GVHD was observed in only 13.5% patients (all grade I-II) and only 2 patients (4%) developed chronic GVHD. A low incidence of viral infections was seen. Factors influencing overall survival were HSCT comorbidity 2-year index (92% with score 0-1 vs 42% with score ≥ 2, P < .001) and age (92% for age < 50 years vs 71% ≥ 50 years, P < .001). Our data suggest that the use of an alemtuzumab-based HSCT regimen for SAA results in durable engraftment with a low incidence of chronic GVHD.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Alemtuzumab
  • Anemia, Aplastic / drug therapy*
  • Anemia, Aplastic / therapy*
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / administration & dosage*
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Antibodies, Neoplasm / administration & dosage*
  • Child
  • Chronic Disease
  • Cyclophosphamide / administration & dosage*
  • Female
  • Graft vs Host Disease / prevention & control*
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Analysis
  • Transplantation Conditioning / methods
  • Transplantation, Homologous
  • Vidarabine / administration & dosage
  • Vidarabine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Antibodies, Neoplasm
  • Alemtuzumab
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Vidarabine
  • fludarabine