CXCR5 expressing human central memory CD4 T cells and their relevance for humoral immune responses

J Immunol. 2011 May 15;186(10):5556-68. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1002828. Epub 2011 Apr 6.

Abstract

High expression of CXCR5 is one of the defining hallmarks of T follicular helper cells (T(FH)), a CD4 Th cell subset that promotes germinal center reactions and the selection and affinity maturation of B cells. CXCR5 is also expressed on 20-25% of peripheral blood human central memory CD4 T cells (T(CM)), although the definitive function of these cells is not fully understood. The constitutive expression of CXCR5 on T(FH) cells and a fraction of circulating T(CM) suggests that CXCR5(+) T(CM) may represent a specialized subset of memory-type T(FH) cells programmed for homing to follicles and providing B cell help. To verify this assumption, we analyzed this cell population and show its specialized function in supporting humoral immune responses. Compared with their CXCR5(-) T(CM) counterparts, CXCR5(+) T(CM) expressed high levels of the chemokine CXCL13 and efficiently induced plasma cell differentiation and Ig secretion. We found that the distinct B cell helper qualities of CXCR5(+) T(CM) were mainly due to high ICOS expression and pronounced responsiveness to ICOS ligand costimulation together with large IL-10 secretion. Furthermore, B cell helper attributes of CXCR5(+) T(CM) were almost exclusively acquired on cognate interaction with B cells, but not with dendritic cells. This implies that a preferential recruitment of circulating CXCR5(+) T(CM) to CXCL13-rich B cell follicles is required for the promotion of a quick and efficient protective secondary humoral immune response. Taken together, we propose that CXCR5(+) T(CM) represent a distinct memory cell subset specialized in supporting Ab-mediated immune responses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / genetics
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / cytology
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Chemokine CXCL13 / genetics
  • Chemokine CXCL13 / immunology
  • Dendritic Cells
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Humoral*
  • Immunologic Memory*
  • Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein
  • Interleukin-10 / biosynthesis
  • Interleukin-10 / immunology
  • Interleukin-10 / metabolism
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Microarray Analysis
  • Palatine Tonsil / immunology
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Receptors, CXCR5 / genetics*
  • Receptors, CXCR5 / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / cytology
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
  • CXCR5 protein, human
  • Chemokine CXCL13
  • ICOS protein, human
  • Inducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Protein
  • Receptors, CXCR5
  • Interleukin-10