In this report two cases of spontaneous Aujeszky's disease (AD, syn. pseudorabies) in European wild boars (Sus scrofa), in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany, are described. Both animals displayed severe central nervous disturbances, including loss of fear of humans, disorientation, and tremors of head and limbs, and were shot by hunters for laboratory exclusion of rabies. The main finding in the well nourished, juvenile (approx. 7-8 months) animals was a non-suppurative panencephalitis characterized by neuronal necroses, intranucelar eosinophilic inclusion bodies in necrotic neurons, spongiosis of the neuropil, gliosis and perivascular cuffing of lymphocytes, plasma cells and eosinophilic granulocytes. Pseudorabies virus (PrV)-antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in typically affected brain areas and was isolated from pooled tissues (brain and tonsil) in both cases. The molecular characterization of the virus isolates revealed that they belonged to the wild boar-associated PrV subtype Iw. These cases indicate that spontaneous AD can sporadically occur in free living wild boars under natural conditions. However, factors triggering the disease, e. g. social stress, age related change from passive to active immunity, individual susceptibility to PrV infection and environmental conditions, have to be clarified by future experimental studies.