Activation of PDE2 and PDE5 by specific GAF ligands: delayed activation of PDE5

Br J Pharmacol. 2010 Dec;161(7):1645-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00977.x.

Abstract

Background and purpose: By controlling intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels, phosphodiesterases (PDE) serve important functions within various signalling pathways. The PDE2 and PDE5 families are allosterically activated by their substrate cGMP via regulatory so-called GAF domains. Here, we set out to identify synthetic ligands for the GAF domains of PDE2 and PDE5.

Experimental approach: Using fluorophore-tagged, isolated GAF domains of PDE2 and PDE5, promising cGMP analogues were selected. Subsequently, the effects of these analogues on the enzymatic activity of PDE2 and PDE5 were analysed.

Key results: The PDE2 ligands identified, 5,6-DM-cBIMP and 5,6-DCl-cBIMP, caused pronounced, up to 40-fold increases of the cAMP- and cGMP-hydrolysing activities of PDE2. The ligand for the GAF domains of PDE5, 8-Br-cGMP, elicited a 20-fold GAF-dependent activation and moreover revealed a time-dependent increase in PDE5 activity that occurred independently of a GAF ligand. Although GAF-dependent PDE5 activation was fast at high ligand concentrations, it was slow at physiologically relevant cGMP concentrations; PDE5 reached its final catalytic rates at 1µM cGMP after approximately 10min.

Conclusions and implications: We conclude that the delayed activation of PDE5 is required to shape biphasic, spike-like cGMP signals. Phosphorylation of PDE5 further enhances activity and conserves PDE5 activation, thereby enabling PDE5 to act as a molecular memory balancing cGMP responses to nitric oxide or natriuretic peptide signals.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cyclic GMP / analogs & derivatives*
  • Cyclic GMP / metabolism
  • Cyclic GMP / pharmacology*
  • Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2 / chemistry
  • Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2 / metabolism*
  • Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 / chemistry
  • Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 / metabolism*
  • Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
  • HEK293 Cells
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Mice
  • Natriuretic Peptides / metabolism
  • Nitric Oxide / metabolism
  • Phosphorylation
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Ligands
  • Natriuretic Peptides
  • 8-bromocyclic GMP
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2
  • Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5
  • Cyclic GMP