Purpose: Several studies showed that elevated plasma levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] represent a predictor for cardiovascular risk. Based on already existing literature data, we aim to study the relationship between Lp(a), lipids and other cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with or without coronary heart disease.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional transversal study on 208 patients (100 men and 108 women) aged between 37-75, with or without old myocardial infarction. In all the patients were evaluated the cardiovascular risk factors, the plasma level of the lipid fractions and Lp(a). The relationship between Lp(a) and the lipid and non-lipid risk factors were evaluated by the logistic regression method.
Results: The myocardial infarction group had higher values of plasma levels of Lp(a) (0.37 +/- 0.28 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.23 g/L, p < 0.05), and LDL-C (125.66 +/- 41.21 vs. 113.44 +/- 46.64 mg/dL, p < 0.05), than the group without coronary heart disease, as well as higher values of plasmatic TC/HDL-C ratio (4.31 +/- 1.55 vs. 4.08 +/- 1.29, p < 0.05), with significantly decreased plasmatic levels of HDL-C (45.88 +/- 12.04 vs. 53.22 +/- 23.12 mg/dL, p < 0.05). The association between the high Lp(a) plasma levels and the severity of coronary vessels number involved was significant. Multivariate analysis performed with adjustments for cardiovascular risk factors showed that the Lp(a), LDL-C and CT/HDL-C ratio levels are significant and independent predictive markers of coronary heart disease.
Conclusion: The results show that the high Lp(a) plasma levels represent an independent cardiovascular risk factor, with superior risk prediction than the conventional lipid fractions. Our results confirm the Lp(a) as a marker for cardiovascular risk assessment in clinical practice.