The paper brings an overview of results of the most important and significant clinical studies dealing with the issues of bone marrow stem cell implantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. On the world scale, research has been focused on this area for several years. Much hope is put primarily on the possibility to prevent the process of progressive remodelling of the left ventricle, the substitution of necrotic or fibrotic tissue and the resulting prevention of development and progression of heart failure. In the centre of attention are especially patients whose long-term prognosis is often very poor in spite of progress in contemporary medicine.