Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a serious and frequent complication in childhood nephrotic syndrome. However, this type of complication is very rare in adult nephrotic patients. In the review realized only 15 cases are published with this complication, and none of them after the year 2000. Later we expose the case of a male of 25 years old, proceeding of senegal, with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, acute renal failure and coagulopatia for malnutrition as form of presentation of a nephrotic syndrome flowery. Besides across the contributed case different aspects of the epidemiology and of the managing of these patients are discussed as well as the last publications on the options of treatment of the glomerulopatia responsible of the clinical symptoms.