Atorvastatin inhibits GSK-3beta phosphorylation by cardiac hypertrophic stimuli

Biochim Biophys Acta. 2008 Jan-Feb;1781(1-2):26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2007.10.009. Epub 2007 Nov 12.

Abstract

In this study we examined the effect of the statin atorvastatin on the Akt/GSK-3beta pathway. Our findings indicate that atorvastatin treatment for 15 days inhibited pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and prevented nuclear translocation of GATA4 and c-Jun and AP-1 DNA-binding activity. In addition, atorvastatin treatment prevented the increase in the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta caused by cardiac hypertrophy, and this effect correlated with an increase in protein levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN), which negatively regulates the phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt pathway. To test whether the inhibitory effect of atorvastatin on Akt and GSK-3beta phosphorylation was direct we performed in vitro studies using embryonic rat heart-derived H9c2 cells, human AC16 cardiomyoblasts and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Preincubation of cells with atorvastatin prevented Akt/GSK-3beta phosphorylation by different hypertrophic stimuli without affecting PTEN protein levels. However, atorvastatin prevented endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and PTEN oxidation, a process that correlates with its inactivation, suggesting that atorvastatin prevents ROS-induced PTEN inactivation in acute treatments. These findings point to a new potential anti-hypertrophic effect of statins, which can prevent activation of the Akt/GSK-3beta hypertrophic pathway by modulating PTEN activation by different mechanisms in chronic and acute treatments.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Active Transport, Cell Nucleus
  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Atorvastatin
  • Cardiomegaly / enzymology*
  • Cardiomegaly / physiopathology*
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Enzyme Activation / drug effects
  • GATA4 Transcription Factor / metabolism
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 / metabolism*
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
  • Heptanoic Acids / pharmacology*
  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • Male
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt / metabolism
  • Pyrroles / pharmacology*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Substances

  • GATA4 Transcription Factor
  • Heptanoic Acids
  • Pyrroles
  • Atorvastatin
  • GSK3B protein, human
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
  • Gsk3b protein, rat
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3