Chronic, neuropathic pain may be secondary to myriad etiologies including diabetic peripheral neuropathy and fibromyalgia. It is a debilitating condition that imposes a significant burden on individuals and society alike. This article will review various instruments designed to assess quality of life (QoL) and key data assessing QoL of patients suffering from these diseases as well as currently available pharmacologic agents for symptomatic management. As basic and clinical science progress over the next few years, along with the introduction of novel pharmacologic agents, we anticipate greater potential for pain intervention and improvement in the quality of life of our patients.