With increasing number of hemodialysis patients, expenditures for the treatment of hemodialysis patients are rising every year. The objective of our study was to collect and analyze the data on estimated average treatment expenditures, which were covered by State Patients' Fund, for patients undergoing hemodialysis in Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital in 2005 and the costs of medications paid by patient and to compare with the analogical data of the year 2001. We analyzed ambulatory case records of all 106 patients with end-stage renal disease who were hemodialyzed in Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital from November 1, 2004, to October 31, 2005. Data on medications used and number of hemodialysis procedures and hospitalizations were collected. On average, 2.8+/-0.4 hemodialysis procedures per patient a week were carried out. Expenditures for hemodialysis procedures were 38 094.12+/-5003.17 litas (11,041 euros) per patient per year, and this accounted for 63% of all expenditures for hemodialysis patient. Hospitalization rate was 1.4+/-1.8 per patient a year; expenditures for hospitalizations were 1538.4+/-1941 litas (446 euros) per patient a year (3% of all expenditures for hemodialysis patients). The mean number of drugs prescribed per patient monthly was 7.7+/-2.17 including 2.12+/-1.6 antihypertensive medications. The total costs of drugs reimbursed by State Patients' Fund were 20,639.82+/-15,439.3 litas (5983 euros) per patient per year, of which 92% was spent on erythropoietin and intravenous iron. The average expenditures for health insurance of hemodialysis patients were 60,272.35+/-16,624.18 litas (17,470 euros) per patient a year. One patient had to pay 1.9+/-1.6 litas for medications per day and 699.71+/-583.6 litas (203 euros) per year. The comparison of the data gathered in 2001 and 2005 revealed an increase in the total expenditures for hemodialysis patients due to increase in the expenditures for hemodialysis procedures and medications.