To investigate the use of child restraint and seating position in Florence, in the Centre of Italy, after the introduction of the New Italian road traffic law, a survey has been conducted. Direct observations were made in the areas related to three schools attended by children of different age groups, to determine the presence of child car seats and their positioning as well as child positioning in case of absence of the seat. A total of 328 vehicles have been observed; in 48.5% of the cars, seats for children were present, 39% were used, and 9% were not used. The presence of child restraint and its use differed according to age, school opening and closing time and number of children on board. When restraints were not present, children were mostly (38%) located on the front seat without an accompanying adult. Child seats were prevalently located in the rear. In spite of the introduction of New Italian road traffic law, in the study area the modality of children's transport in cars was frequently not correct, which constitutes a risk for the health of this specific target group.