It has been shown that mutations in the SLC26A4 gene are involved in syndromic deafness characterized by congenital sensorineural hearing impairment and goitre (Pendred's syndrome), as well as in congenital isolated deafness (DFNB4), both of which are associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA). The prevalence of SLC26A4 mutations in Pendred's syndrome is clearly established in many ethnic groups, but the data from Mainland Chinese patients with deafness and EVA remain poor. In this report, 15 patients from 13 unrelated Chinese families with deafness and EVA were analyzed for SLC26A4 using direct sequencing. A total of 15 pathogenic mutations were observed in 11 unrelated families, 4 of which were novel. One mutation, IVS7-2A>G, was most common, accounting for 22.3% (5/22) of all the mutant alleles, and H723R was infrequent. To date, a total of 23 mutations have been reported among the Chinese, 13 of which were unique. In conclusion, EVA could be a radiological marker for SLC26A4 analysis among Mainland Chinese hearing-loss patients, and the SLC26A4 mutation spectrum in the Chinese was different from other reported populations.