Cisplatin (CDDP) can cause dose-limiting neurotoxicity. We have investigated the role of recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) in the prevention of CDDP-induced peripheral sensory neurotoxicity. Wistar-albino rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Group A received only CDDP, Group B received CDDP plus amifostine and Group C received CDDP plus rHuEPO. At 7 weeks, Group C was divided into two subgroups; C1 received maintenance rHuEPO for 3 additional weeks, C2 received no treatment. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were carried out at baseline, and at 7 and 10 weeks. At baseline, all groups were comparable in terms of area, amplitude and spinal potential normalized velocity (SPNV). The comparison of area, amplitude and SPNV data as well as their percent changes between 7 and 10 weeks showed no difference between Groups A, B, C1 and C2. We conclude that at the given dose and schedule, rHuEPO appears to have neuroprotective activity; however, maintenance rHuEPO treatment does not seem to provide further benefit.