Mutation of SAD2, an importin beta-domain protein in Arabidopsis, alters abscisic acid sensitivity

Plant J. 2006 Sep;47(5):776-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02833.x. Epub 2006 Aug 2.

Abstract

A number of protein and RNA-processing mutants have been shown to affect ABA sensitivity. A new mutant, sad2-1, was isolated from a T-DNA mutagenized population of RD29A:LUC plants and shown to have increased luminescence after ABA, salt, cold or polyethylene glycol treatments. Expression of several ABA- and stress-responsive genes was higher in the mutant than in the wild type. sad2-1 also exhibited ABA hypersensitivity in seed germination and seedling growth. SAD2 was found to encode an importin beta-domain family protein likely to be involved in nuclear transport. SAD2 was expressed at a low level in all tissues examined except flowers, but SAD2 expression was not inducible by ABA or stress. Subcellular localization of GFP-tagged SAD2 showed a predominantly nuclear localization, consistent with a role for SAD2 in nuclear transport. Knockout of the closest importin beta homolog of SAD2 in Arabidopsis did not duplicate the sad2 phenotype, indicating that SAD2 plays a specific role in ABA signaling. Analysis of RD29A:LUC luminescence and ABA and stress sensitivity in double mutants of sad2-1 and sad1 or abh1-7, a newly isolated allele of ABH1 also in the RD29A:LUC background, suggested that SAD2 acts upstream of or has additive effects with these two genes. The results suggest a role for nuclear transport in ABA signal transduction, and the possible roles of SAD2 in relation to that of SAD1 and ABH1 are discussed.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Abscisic Acid / metabolism
  • Abscisic Acid / pharmacology*
  • Active Transport, Cell Nucleus / genetics
  • Arabidopsis / drug effects
  • Arabidopsis / genetics
  • Arabidopsis / metabolism*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / chemistry
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / genetics
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins / analysis
  • Karyopherins / chemistry
  • Karyopherins / genetics
  • Karyopherins / metabolism*
  • Models, Biological
  • Mutation
  • Plant Growth Regulators / metabolism
  • Plant Growth Regulators / pharmacology*
  • Protein Structure, Tertiary
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins / analysis
  • Signal Transduction
  • beta Karyopherins / genetics
  • beta Karyopherins / metabolism*

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • Karyopherins
  • Plant Growth Regulators
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • SAD2 protein, Arabidopsis
  • beta Karyopherins
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Abscisic Acid