Dynamic force spectroscopy of E. coli P pili

Biophys J. 2006 Oct 1;91(7):2717-25. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.106.087429. Epub 2006 Jul 14.

Abstract

Surface organelles (so-called pili) expressed on the bacterial membrane mediate the adhesion of Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection. These pili possess some extraordinary elongation properties that are assumed to allow a close bacterium-to-host contact even in the presence of shear forces caused by urine flow. The elongation properties of P pili have therefore been assessed for low elongation speeds (steady-state conditions). This work reports on the behavior of P pili probed by dynamic force spectroscopy. A kinetic model for the unfolding of a helixlike chain structure is derived and verified. It is shown that the unfolding of the quaternary structure of the PapA rod takes place at a constant force that is almost independent of elongation speed for slow elongations (up to approximately 0.4 mum/s), whereas it shows a dynamic response with a logarithmic dependence for fast elongations. The results provide information about the energy landscape and reaction rates. The bond length and thermal bond opening and closure rates for the layer-to-layer bond have been assessed to approximately 0.76 nm, approximately 0.8 Hz, and approximately 8 GHz, respectively. The results also support a previously constructed sticky-chain model for elongation of the PapA rod that until now had been experimentally verified only under steady-state conditions.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Escherichia coli / physiology*
  • Escherichia coli Proteins / physiology*
  • Fimbriae Proteins / physiology*
  • Fimbriae, Bacterial / physiology*
  • Models, Biological*
  • Protein Folding*
  • Shear Strength

Substances

  • AtpA protein, E coli
  • Escherichia coli Proteins
  • Fimbriae Proteins