Coeliac disease (CD) is a complex genetic disorder. Its etiology is owing to multiple genes and environmental factors, such as gluten. The first event in the pathogenesis of CD after the ingestion of gluten is the activation of a Th1 immune response that leads to villous atrophy. Although this immune response seems crucial to the disease's development, only the HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genes have been identified as causative immune genes related to CD. Recently, the activation of the transcription factor STAT1 and changes in its expression levels have confirmed the participation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in CD. Furthermore, as the STAT-1 gene is a positional candidate located in the CELIAC3 locus on chromosome 2, we speculate that alterations in this gene could be primarily responsible for the aberrant immune response that characterizes CD. Based on this functional and genetic evidence, we investigated the primary contribution of STAT-1 to CD. We performed a comprehensive genetic association study using five tag SNPs fully covering the STAT-1 gene in a Dutch cohort of 355 independent CD cases and 360 healthy controls. Neither the alleles, nor the genotypes in the case-control genetic association studies, nor the haplotype analysis showed any association to the STAT-1 gene in the Dutch CD population. Our results do not point to a primary involvement of the STAT-1 gene in the Dutch CD population.