Innate immune responses to herpes simplex virus type 2 influence skin homing molecule expression by memory CD4+ lymphocytes

J Virol. 2006 Mar;80(6):2863-72. doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.6.2863-2872.2006.

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections of humans are characterized by intermittent, lytic replication in epithelia. Circulating HSV-specific CD4 T cells express lower levels of preformed cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA), a skin-homing receptor, than do circulating HSV-specific CD8 T cells but, paradoxically, move into infected skin earlier than CD8 cells. Memory CD4 T cells develop strong and selective expression of CLA and E-selectin ligand while responding to HSV antigen in vitro. We now show that interleukin-12, type I interferon, and transforming growth factor beta are each involved in CLA expression by memory HSV type 2 (HSV-2)-specific CD4 T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A reduction of the number of monocytes and dendritic cells from PBMC reduces CLA expression by HSV-2-responsive CD4 lymphoblasts, while their reintroduction restores this phenotype, identifying these cells as possible sources of CLA-promoting cytokines. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are particularly potent inducers of CLA on HSV-reactive CD4 T cells. These observations are consistent with cooperation between innate and acquired immunity to promote a pattern of homing receptor expression that is physiologically appropriate for trafficking to infected tissues.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
  • Antigens, Neoplasm
  • Antigens, Viral / immunology
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Herpesvirus 2, Human / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Immunologic Memory*
  • Lymphocyte Activation
  • Membrane Glycoproteins / metabolism*
  • Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing / metabolism*
  • Skin / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte
  • Antigens, Neoplasm
  • Antigens, Viral
  • CTAGE1 protein, human
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Receptors, Lymphocyte Homing