This second part of the review on atherothrombosis highlights the diffuse nature of the disease analyzing the feasibility and potential of the noninvasive imaging modalities, including computed tomography (electron-beam computed and multi-detector computed tomography) and magnetic resonance imaging for its detection and monitoring. These imaging modalities are being established as promising tools in high-risk cardiovascular patients for identification and/or management of coronary calcification, stenotic or obstructive disease, high-risk plaques (not necessarily stenotic), and overall burden of the disease. In addition, such technology facilitates the understanding of the processes involved in the development and progression of atherothrombosis responsible for coronary, cerebral, and peripheral ischemic events.