Introduction: Optic neuromyelitis or Devic's syndrome is a very rare disease affecting the optic tracts and the spinal cord. Its association with evolving pulmonary tuberculosis has been noted in a handful of case reports.
Case report: The authors reportthe case of a 40 year old patient with evolving pulmonary tuberculosis who experienced bilateral blindness followed by paraplegia and sphincter disturbance. Clinical examination and investigations excluded direct tuberculous involvement of the nervous system or a reaction to antituberculous therapy and Devic's syndrome was diagnosed, based on Wingerchurk's criteria. Following treatment with corticosteroids and antituberculous chemotherapy, the patient recovered normal mobility and sphincter control but remained completely blind.
Conclusions: Throughout this case report, the authors emphasise the rarity of this association and discuss the pathophysiological mechanism, which appears to be an immune dysfunction triggered by mycobacterial infection.