Children and adolescents with hereditary disposition for ischemic heart disease form a substantial part of the clients of preventive cardiological surgeries for children. The authors present their results and experience they assembled by monitoring and supervising these subjects for a five-year period. During the initial examination they found in these subjects, as compared with controls, a more frequent prevalence of habits dangerous with regard to the genesis and development of ischaemic heart disease and deviations in the lipid metabolism with an atherogenic character. Arterial hypertension and protracted insulin secretion were also more frequent. The collaboration with their parents as regards adherence to a regime and therapeutic provisions was very satisfactory. After five years' supervision in children and adolescents with hereditary disposition for ischaemic heart disease the prevalence of obesity, arterial hypertension and abnormalities of blood lipid levels declined significantly. The above measures had the least effect on the impaired insulin secretion.