X-tile: a new bio-informatics tool for biomarker assessment and outcome-based cut-point optimization

Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Nov 1;10(21):7252-9. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-04-0713.

Abstract

The ability to parse tumors into subsets based on biomarker expression has many clinical applications; however, there is no global way to visualize the best cut-points for creating such divisions. We have developed a graphical method, the X-tile plot that illustrates the presence of substantial tumor subpopulations and shows the robustness of the relationship between a biomarker and outcome by construction of a two dimensional projection of every possible subpopulation. We validate X-tile plots by examining the expression of several established prognostic markers (human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, estrogen receptor, p53 expression, patient age, tumor size, and node number) in cohorts of breast cancer patients and show how X-tile plots of each marker predict population subsets rooted in the known biology of their expression.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biomarkers, Tumor*
  • Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Cohort Studies
  • Computational Biology / methods*
  • ErbB Receptors / biosynthesis
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Receptors, Estrogen / biosynthesis
  • Software
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / biosynthesis

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Receptors, Estrogen
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • ErbB Receptors