Abstract
We evaluated the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease on pharmacokinetics of antituberculosis medications by measuring concentrations of isoniazid and rifampin in blood and of pyrazinamide and ethambutol in urine. Peak concentration and exposure were reduced for rifampin, and rapid acetylators of isoniazid had lower drug levels. HIV and HIV-tuberculosis patients who have diarrhea and cryptosporidial infection exhibit decreased bioavailability of antituberculosis drugs.
MeSH terms
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Acetylation
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Adult
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Antibiotics, Antitubercular / pharmacokinetics*
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Antitubercular Agents / pharmacokinetics
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Biological Availability
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Ethambutol / pharmacokinetics
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Feces / microbiology
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Female
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HIV Infections / complications
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HIV Infections / metabolism*
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Humans
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Intestinal Absorption
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Isoniazid / pharmacokinetics
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Male
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Middle Aged
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Phenotype
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Pyrazinamide / pharmacokinetics
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Rifampin / pharmacokinetics*
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Tuberculosis / complications
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Tuberculosis / metabolism
Substances
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Antibiotics, Antitubercular
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Antitubercular Agents
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Pyrazinamide
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Ethambutol
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Isoniazid
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Rifampin