Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in men and fifth in women in the United States. The median survival is 8 to 12 months for patients with locally advanced and unresectable disease and only 3 to 6 months for those with metastatic disease at presentation. Surgical resection offers the only potentially curative treatment. However, only 15% to 20% of patients present with tumors amenable to resection at initial diagnosis. Even for those who undergo resection, the prognosis remains poor. The 5-year survival following pancreaticoduodenectomy is only about 25% to 30% for node-negative tumors and 10% for node-positive tumors. Because of the dismal outcome for patients with resectable pancreatic cancer, adjuvant therapy has been administered in an attempt to improve the local control and overall survival. This review highlights historic and current perspectives of adjuvant therapy in resected pancreatic cancer.