Fibrinogen has turned out to be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD). It is not known whether or not this parameter could be a prognostic factor for restenosis following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), which represents the main problem limiting the long-term efficacy of this procedure. Therefore, we studied fibrinogen concentrations in a series of 50 males (mean age: 55, range: 38-70 years) with CHD and successful PTCA. Follow-up coronary angiography was performed 12 months following PTCA. Twenty-two patients had restenosis, and 28 patients were without restenosis. Both groups did not differ significantly in medical history (smoking habits, hypertension, positive family history for cardiovascular diseases), in routine lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A1 and B). Fibrinogen values were 405 +/- 128 mg/dl (range: 202-725) in patients with restenosis and 352 +/- 94 mg/dl (range: 187-568) in patients without restenosis (not significant). Elevated fibrinogen levels of more than 400 mg/dl were found in 8 patients in each group. Although fibrinogen is a proven marker for CHD in men, fibrinogen is not a risk factor for restenosis following PTCA.