Of 364 patients with lymphoid malignancy who underwent high-dose therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) or peripheral stem cell transplantation (PSCT), 169 patients have had progressive disease after the procedure. The median survival from the time of relapse for patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) who progressed after the transplant was 10.5 months. This compares with a median survival of 3 months for relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients (P = .0036). After failing transplantation, 56 patients were treated with further chemotherapy, 35 with involved field irradiation therapy, and 18 patients were treated with combination chemotherapy and irradiation. Seven patients received biologic therapy and seven patients underwent a second bone marrow transplant. The remainder of the patients were believed to be too ill for further therapy or chose not to receive further treatment for their recurrent lymphoid malignancy. Sixty of the 169 patients with progressive disease after the transplant are still alive; however, only 18 patients are alive off therapy without evidence of active disease after their relapse. Ten of the 18 patients are still less than 12 months past their posttransplant salvage therapy and are at high-risk for relapse. Five patients are progression free at 15 to 36 months after their posttransplant relapse. Only three patients (two NHL and one HD) treated with other modalities after autologous transplant failure are alive without evidence of disease and have been observed at least 4 years postrelapse. Although a few patients will have a durable response to subsequent therapy, the majority of patients who have progressive disease after an autologous transplant for lymphoid malignancy will succumb to recurrent disease within a short period of time.