Simultaneous determination of two components in single wavelength using interferencing effect and atomic absorption spectrophotometry assisted by simulated annealing-back propagation of error-artificial neural networks algorithm was realized, and simultaneous determination of trace cadmium and arsenic in grains was studied. The results obtained are satisfactory. The recoveries found by standard addition method are 91%-98% and 87%-92% respectively. Relative standard deviations for 7 times of determinations are all less than 4%. This method is fast and simple.