Although signal transduction phenomena are well understood in vitro, their relevance for physiology and pathophysiology remains obscure. Recent years, however, have seen a plethora of attempts to link cell biochemistry and disease. At the Luxembourg conference it was attempted to link basal science to disease. In my presentation I focused on our research on stress activated kinases and other signalling elements in this respect in a variety of pro-inflammatory conditions. Knowledge of these pathways has now led to new therapeutic approaches, especially in Crohn's disease, which will be the subject of this commentary.