Lactose-containing starburst dendrimers: influence of dendrimer generation and binding-site orientation of receptors (plant/animal lectins and immunoglobulins) on binding properties

Glycobiology. 1999 Nov;9(11):1253-61. doi: 10.1093/glycob/9.11.1253.

Abstract

Starburst glycodendrimers offer the potential to serve as high-affinity ligands for clinically relevant sugar receptors. In order to define areas of application, their binding behavior towards sugar receptors with differential binding-site orientation but identical monosaccharide specificity must be evaluated. Using poly(amidoamine) starburst dendrimers of five generations, which contain the p-isothiocyanato derivative of p-aminophenyl-beta-D-lactoside as ligand group, four different types of galactoside-binding proteins were chosen for this purpose, i.e., the (AB)(2)-toxic agglutinin from mistletoe, a human immunoglobulin G fraction, the homodimeric galectin-1 with its two binding sites at opposite ends of the jelly-roll-motif-harboring protein and monomeric galectin-3. Direct solid-phase assays with surface-immobilized glycodendrimers resulted in obvious affinity enhancements by progressive core branching for the plant agglutinin and less pronounced for the antibody and galectin-1. High density of binding of galectin-3 with modest affinity increases only from the level of the 32-mer onwards points to favorable protein-protein interactions of the monomeric lectin and a spherical display of the end groups without a major share of backfolding. When the inhibitory potency of these probes was evaluated as competitor of receptor binding to an immobilized neoglycoprotein or to asialofetuin, a marked selectivity was detected. The 32- and 64-mers were second to none as inhibitors for the plant agglutinin against both ligand-exposing matrices and for galectin-1 on the matrix with a heterogeneous array of interglycoside distances even on the per-sugar basis. In contrast, a neoglycoprotein with the same end group was superior in the case of the antibody and, less pronounced, monomeric galectin-3. Intimate details of topological binding-site presentation and the ligand display on different generations of core assembly are major operative factors which determine the potential of dendrimers for applications as lectin-targeting device, as attested by these observations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, Differentiation / metabolism
  • Binding Sites
  • Carbohydrate Conformation
  • Carbohydrate Sequence
  • Cattle
  • Galectin 3
  • Glycoconjugates / chemistry
  • Glycoconjugates / metabolism*
  • Glycoconjugates / pharmacology
  • Glycosides / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulin G / metabolism*
  • Lactose / chemistry*
  • Lectins / metabolism*
  • Ligands
  • Mice
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Plant Preparations*
  • Plant Proteins*
  • Protein Binding
  • Receptors, Cell Surface / metabolism*
  • Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2
  • Thermodynamics
  • Toxins, Biological / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens, Differentiation
  • Galectin 3
  • Glycoconjugates
  • Glycosides
  • Immunoglobulin G
  • Lectins
  • Ligands
  • Plant Preparations
  • Plant Proteins
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2
  • Toxins, Biological
  • ribosome inactivating protein, Viscum
  • 4-aminophenyl beta-lactoside
  • Lactose