The development of new classification schemes and prognostic analyses for lymphomas has helped to identify patients at high risk for relapse who may benefit from intensification of primary therapy. Conventional salvage therapy for relapsed follicular or low-grade lymphomas now includes monoclonal antibody therapy. The combination of chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy may improve outcomes for patients with advanced-stage aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Confirmatory randomized trials are now in progress. Therapy for Hodgkin's disease continues to evolve toward the most efficacious programs, which also minimize the long-term probability of toxicity. The combination of high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation is probably the most effective therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease.